Realisme som negation

Negation Without Negation in Probabilistic Logic Programming

Probabilistic logic programs without negation can have cycles (with a preference for false), but cannot represent all conditional distributions. Probabilistic logic programs with negation can represent arbitrary conditional probabilities, but with cycles they create logical inconsistencies. We show how allowing negative noise probabilities allows us to represent arbitrary conditional probabilit...

Negation and Double-Negation of Chinese Oppositeness

Oppositeness refers to the paradigmatic relationship of two words holding the contrast meanings. The fact that linguistic opposite differs from logical contrast has been discussed in theories, but has not been tested in practice. In this paper, we investigate three main subtypes of Chinese oppositeness, via using logical tests of negation and double-negation. Result shows that purely logical te...

Som Input

Combining Explicit Negation and Negation by Failure via Belnap's Logic Combining Explicit Negation and Negation by Failure via Belnap's Logic

This paper deals with logic programs containing two kinds of negation: negation as failure and explicit negation, allowing two diierent forms of uncertainty reasoning in the presence of incomplete information. Such programs have been introduced by Gelfond and Lifschitz and called extended programs. We provide them with a logical semantics in the style of Kunen, based on Belnap's four-valued log...

Subminimal negation

Minimal Logic, i.e. intuitionistic logic without the ex falso principle, is investigated in its original form with a negation symbol instead of a symbol denoting the contradiction. A Kripke semantics is developed for minimal logic and its sublogics with a still weaker negation by introducing a function on the upward closed sets of the models. The basic logic is a logic in which the negation has...